Existentialism in Counselling
26 Sep 2023The Role of Existentialism in Counselling
Existentialism is a philosophical movement that has significantly influenced the field of counselling. This philosophical perspective, rooted in the exploration of human existence and the search for meaning, provides valuable insights and tools for counsellors to help their clients navigate life’s challenges. In this discussion, we will delve into the role of existentialism in counselling, highlighting its key principles and the contributions of major existential psychotherapists.
Understanding Existentialism
Existentialism is a philosophical worldview that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, with notable proponents such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Friedrich Nietzsche (and going back to Søren Kierkegaard). It revolves around the idea that individuals are free and responsible for creating their own meaning in a seemingly indifferent or absurd world. Existentialists emphasise the significance of individual choice, freedom, and authenticity in shaping one’s existence.
Existentialism and Counseling: Key Principles
1. Embracing Freedom and Responsibility
Existentialism asserts that individuals possess the freedom to make choices, even in the face of adversity. In counselling, this principle encourages clients to take responsibility for their decisions and actions. Existential therapists help clients recognise their agency and the power they have to shape their lives.
2. Confronting Anxiety and Uncertainty
Existentialism acknowledges the inherent anxiety and uncertainty of human existence. Counsellors using existential approaches assist clients in confronting and understanding their anxieties, fears, and doubts. By doing so, clients can work towards a more authentic and meaningful life.
3. Exploring Authenticity
Authenticity is a central concept in existential counselling. Counsellors encourage clients to explore their true selves and values, helping them align their choices with their authentic desires. This process fosters a sense of fulfillment and purpose.
Contributions of Major Existential Psychotherapists
1. Viktor Frankl - Logotherapy
Viktor Frankl, a prominent existential psychotherapist, developed Logotherapy. This therapeutic approach focuses on helping clients find meaning in their suffering. By identifying a sense of purpose, clients can endure even the most challenging circumstances.
2. Irvin D. Yalom - Existential Psychotherapy
Irvin D. Yalom’s contributions to existential psychotherapy have been instrumental. He emphasises the importance of addressing existential concerns in therapy, including death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. Yalom’s work encourages clients to engage with these existential dilemmas to achieve personal growth.
3. Rollo May - The Existential Humanistic Approach
Rollo May integrated existential philosophy with humanistic psychology to develop an approach that explores the individual’s search for meaning and authenticity. May’s work underscores the significance of recognising and addressing existential concerns in therapy.
Existentialism in Therapy Sessions
Existentialism offers a profound philosophical foundation for counselling, emphasising concepts such as freedom, responsibility, authenticity, and meaning. Major existential psychotherapists like Viktor Frankl, Irvin D. Yalom, and Rollo May have enriched the field with their insights and therapeutic approaches. By integrating existential principles into counselling, practitioners can help clients navigate life’s challenges and embark on a journey towards a more meaningful and authentic existence.